Employee | Caraker Law Firm, P.C.

IRC 3121(d)

The United States Tax Court ruled in Bell Capital Management, Inc. v. Comm’r of IRS at Docket No. 21714-07 filed June 14, 2021 that the IRS reclassification of Petitioner’s President, Ron H. Bell, as an employee was correct. The IRS used Code section 3121(d), which describes individuals who are considered employees regardless of their status under common law. In particular, the IRS and Court focused on the Treasury Regulations at Section 31.3121(d)-1(b) relating to Corporate Officers. That provision states that “[g]enerally, an officer of a corporation is an employee of the corporation. However, an officer of a corporation who as such does not perform any services or performs only minor services and who neither receives nor is entitled to receive, directly or indirectly, any remuneration is considered not to be an employee of the corporation.” In this case, the petitioner admitted he was an officer. However, many years before the periods associated with the case, the Petitioner moved Mr. Bell from an employee to a leased position and entered a contract for personal services. Mr. Bell continued to render the same services before and after the lease which could not be deemed to be minor services. The Court ruled that because of these factors and the fact that Mr. Bell received indirect remuneration through the leasing company, he could be appropriately classified as an employee.

Texas Receives “High Performance Bonus” Under Federal Worker Misclassification Initiative:

The U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) recently awarded $10.2 million in grants to 19 states as part of the Department’s Misclassification Initiative. The Misclassification Initiative was created in 2011, as part of a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) signed between the DOL and IRS. The MOU formed an agreement between the two agencies to work together to reduce the incidence of worker misclassification, by sharing information and coordinating enforcement efforts.

A worker misclassification occurs when an employer or business owner classifies a worker on their tax returns as something other than an employee (such as an independent contractor), when they should be classified as an employee. Generally, the distinction between an employee and independent contractor is in how much control the person paying for the service has over (1) what work will be done and (2) how that work will be done. The more control the person paying has over the work being done, the more likely it is that the person providing the service should be classified as an employee.

From the worker’s perspective, misclassification can mean denial from benefits and programs such as family medical leave, overtime, minimum wage, and unemployment insurance. From the government’s perspective, misclassification leads to a substantial loss to the Treasury by way of lost Social Security, Medicare, unemployment insurance, and worker’s compensation funds.

While the Misclassification Initiative was started in 2011, this year is the first year that individual states were eligible to receive grant funding for their efforts to decrease worker misclassification. Although several states already had existing programs designed to reduce misclassification, under the federal Misclassification Initiative individual grants up to $500,000 were awarded to 19 states under a competitive award process.

The Misclassification Initiative also offers additional grant funding to states through its “High Performance Bonus” program. This bonus program is based off the Federal Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), formerly called the food stamp program, which also provides bonuses for high performing states. So far, four states (Maryland, New Jersey, Texas, and Utah) have received such bonuses. Of those states, Texas has received $775,529 in bonuses, which is almost $300,000 more than the next highest recipient, New Jersey. According to the DOL the bonuses are awarded to the states that are most successful in detecting and prosecuting employers that fail to pay taxes due to misclassification. The bonus program is designed to give states both an extra incentive to carry out enforcement actions and additional funds to upgrade their misclassification enforcement programs.

If you’re unsure how your workers should be classified and would like assistance, please contact our office.